A Tuberculosis Refresher Course for Physicians
Produced by the World Medical Association Funded by the USAID TB CARE II project implemented by University Research Co. LLC Technical Assistance from the Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
© World Medical Association
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international organization representing approximately 7 million physicians of all specialties and sectors. It was founded on 18 September 1947, when physicians from 27 different countries met at the First General Assembly of the WMA in Paris. The organization was created to ensure the independence of physicians, and to work for the highest possible standards of medical care, ethics, education and health-related human rights for all people, at all times. The WMA has 95 Medical Association from all over the world as its constituent members. The WMA offers Associate Membership to individual physicians.
The WMA provides a forum for its member associations to communicate freely and cooperate actively in order to achieve consensus on high standards of medical ethics and professional competence, to promote the professional freedom of physicians worldwide and to uphold the enduring traditions of the profession: Caring, Ethics and Science. This unique partnership facilitates high-calibre, humane care to patients in healthy environments, enhancing the quality of life for all people in the world. For more information please visit www.wma.net
© 2015 The World Medical Association, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Copies of this document or selected content may be made for non-commercial personal use, provided that credit is given to the original source. Please contact The World Medical Association for permission for other uses of the document. Requests for permission should be directed to The World Medical Association, B.P. 63, 01212 Ferney-Voltaire Cedex, France, email: wma@wma.net Fax (+33) 450 40 5937.
TB CARE II is funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement Number AIDOAA-A-10-00021. The project team includes prime recipient, University Research Co., LLC (URC), and sub-recipient organizations Jhpiego, Partners in Health, Project HOPE along with the Canadian Lung Association; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; Dartmouth Medical School: The Section of Infectious Disease and International Health; Euro Health Group; MASS Design Group; and the Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by the Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, HELP Design and the World Medical Association. The document is a revision of an original document prepared by the World Medical Association and the Global Tuberculosis Institute with funding from the Eli Lilly MDR-TB Partnership.
Acknowledgements:
The World Medical Association gratefully acknowledges:The health care providers and other experts who participated in review and field testing of this and previous versions of the course:
Dr. Odunayo Alakaye , Partners in Health, Lesotho
Dr. Ayodele O. Awe World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office, Nigeria
Rajita Bhavaraju, MPH, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, USA
Dr. Laura Brandt, International Training and Education Center on HIV, Namibia
Dr. Cassandra Butu, WHO - Romania
Marianne Calnan, University Research Co.LLC, Swaziland
Professor Jose A. Caminero, MD, The Union, Spain and France
Dr. Jacob Creswell, Stop TB Partnership, Switzerland
Dr. Paul Daru. TB CARE II Project, Bangladesh
Dr. Dennis Falzon, WHO, Switzerland
Dr. Paula Fujiwara, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Dr. Jennifer Furin, MD, PhD, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA
Dr. Varduhi Ghazaryan, University Research Co. LLC, United States
Dr. Roosyana Hasbullah, MD, MPH, CEPAT/LKNU, Indonesia
Dr. Nzali Kancheya, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Zambia
Dr. Vaira Leimane, WHO Coordinating Center, Latvia
Dr. Chih-Bin Lin, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taiwan
Dr. Sundari Mase, CDC Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, USA
Dr. Nikoloz Nasidze, Medical Service Corporation International, Georgia
Alice Njorage, Eastern Deanery AIDS &Relief Program, Kenya
Dr. Alejandro Perera, Zoonotic TB Subsection, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mexico
Dr. Pyae Phyo Wai, MB, BS, The Union, Myanmar
Dr. Hernan Reyes, ICRC, Switzerland
Dr. Clay Roscoe, Family Medicine Residency of Idaho, HIV and TB Services; Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of Public Health, USA
Dr Kalpita Shringarpure, Medical College Baroda, India
Dr. Nelly Solomonia, National Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Georgia
Prof. Anton Stoltz, Health Science / Economics & Business Studies Faculties, South Africa
The following persons and organizations involved in development of this course:
Nisha Ahamed, MPH. Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Dr. Neeraj Kak, Senior Vice President, University Research Co., LLC
Dr. Alfred Lardizabal, Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Dr. Refiloe Matji, Vice President, University Research Co., LLC
Dr. Bonita T. Mangura, Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Dr. Amee Patrawalla, Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Dr. Lee B. Reichman, Global Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Julia Seyer, World Medical Association
Alisha Smith-Arthur, University Research Co.LLC
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Ximena Barra, HELP Design Group, web design
Nita Bellare, HELP Design Group
Miguel Bernal, HELP Design Group , graphic design
Disclaimer
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Medical Association and the Global Tuberculosis Institute to verify the information
contained in this publication. However this course is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied.
The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Medical Association or
the Global Tuberculosis Institute be liable for damages arising from its use. As research and experience with TB progress we do expect that WHO will update it’s guidelines.
We do our best to incorporate changes into the course, however please visit the WHO web page
to check for the latest versions of the guidelines.
USAID Disclaimer
This course is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The information provided in this guide is the sole responsibility of University Research Co., LLC and its partner the Global Tuberculosis Institute, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.