- Because XDR-TB is resistant to first- and second-line drugs, treatment options are limited.
- XDR-TB can be treated through the use of a well-organized management scheme including systematic drug-susceptibility testing, strict treatment supervision, adverse-event management, psychological support, nutritional support, and bacteriologic and clinical monitoring, in addition to individualized drug regimens and, if needed, surgery.
- XDR-TB should only be treated by experienced TB clinicians.
- Recently, a number of cases have been described that showed resistance to all anti-TB drugs tested. More cases will likely be reported in coming years. Although DST for many second line drugs is not standardized, the prospect that patients may be identified who do not respond to any available anti-TB drug available is possible. In such cases social support, palliative care, and infection control measures are necessary.
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