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  • Early detection and treatment of TB disease can help stop transmission.

  • PLWHIV as well as those with other non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and certain types of cancers are also at increased risk of developing TB disease.

  • Other conditions such as smoking, alcohol or drug dependency and malnutrition also put people at higher risk for TB. People on immunosuppressive therapy such as TNF alpha inhibitors or corticosteroids are at higher risk as well.

  • Some people, such as children and PLWHIV, may not present with the more common TB-related symptoms, therefore more care must be taken when examining them. Though people with TB often do present with symptoms, they may not necessarily present with classic TB symptoms such as cough. Thus, in order to improve TB control, other criteria including chest radiography can be used to increase early identification of people with TB.
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